Σὰν νὰ τὸ κρατοῦσαν …«μανιάτικο» γιὰ τὴν Συρία.

Σὰν νὰ τὸ κρατοῦσαν ...«μανιάτικο» γιὰ τὴν Συρία.Ἔγραφα πέρυσι γιὰ κάποια πράγματά ποὺ εἶχα ψάξη στὸ θέμα τῆς Συρίας.
(Παρακάτω παραθέτω κάποιες ἐπὶ πλέον πηγές, ποὺ βρῆκα ἐφέτος):

Πόσο πίσω πηγαίνουν ὁρισμένα θέματα, ἐάν τά ψάξῃς;
(Σὰν νὰ τὸ κρατοῦσαν …«μανιάτικο»κάποιοι  γιὰ τὴν Συρία..)

Καὶ γεννιέται τὸ ἐξῆς ἐρώτημα γιὰ ἐμέναν:
Γιατί νά κουβαλήσουν ἀπό τόσο μακρυά, κάθε φορά, πρός τήν Εὐρώπη, (ὅπως παρακάτω θὰ δεῖτε ἤ ὅπως σήμερα συμβαίνει μὲ ἀγωγοὺς ἀπὸ τὴν Κασπία κτλ.), ὅταν ἤξεραν ὅτι ὑπῆρχαν κοιτάσματα στήν Μεσόγειο καί στά Βαλκάνια ἤδη ἀπό τήν ἐποχή τοῦ Β΄Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου;
(Οἱ Γερμανοὶ εἶχαν πάη καρφωτοὶ καὶ εἶχαν κάνη γεωτρήσεις στὴν Ζάκυνθο καὶ σὲ ἄλλα μέρη τῆς Ἑλλάδος, γιὰ παράδειγμα.)
Μήπως οἱ ἀγωγοί, περνώντας μέσα ἀπό διάφορα κράτη, δίνουν στήν οὐσία «δικαιώματα» προστασίας» τους στούς κατασκευαστές τους;

Κάτι θὰ σᾶς θυμίζουν τὰ παρακάτω ὀνόματα πιστεύω:

  • Σιδὼν Λιβάνου
  • Bechtel
  • Χάιφα Παλαιστίνης (ἀνῆκε στοὺς Βρεττανοὺς πρὶν τὴν δημιουργία τοῦ Ἑβραϊκοῦ Κράτους)
  • Ὑψώματα τοῦ Γκολᾶν.
    Ἡ κυβέρνησις τῆς Συρίας ἦταν ἀντίθετη στὸ σχέδιο τοῦ ἀγωγοῦ.
  • Πόλεμος τῶν Ἕξι (6) ἡμερῶν.
    Κόπηκε ἡ τροφοδοσία ἀπὸ τὴν Σαουδικὴ Ἀραβία τὸ 1990, ὅταν ἡ Ἰορδανία ὑπεστήριξε τὸ Ἰρὰκ στὸν Α΄ Πόλεμο τοῦ Κόλπου!!!
    ————————–————————–—–

Trans-Arabian Pipeline
The Trans-Arabian Pipeline (Tapline), was an oil pipeline from Qaisumah in Saudi Arabia to Sidon in Lebanon. In its heyday, it was an important factor in the global trade of petroleum—helping with the economic development of Lebanon—as well as American and Middle Eastern political relations.

History

Construction of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline began in 1947 and was mainly managed by the American company Bechtel. Originally the Tapline was intended to terminate in Haifa which was then in the British Mandate of Palestine, but due to the establishment of the state of Israel, an alternative route through Syria (Golan Heights) and Lebanon was selected with an export terminal in Sidon. The Syrian government initially opposed the plan, but ratified Tapline construction in 1949 following the U.S.-backed military coup overthrowing democratic rule there.[1] Oil transport through the pipeline started in 1950.

Since the 1967 Six-Day War, the section of the pipeline which runs through the Golan Heights came under Israeli occupation, though the Israelis permitted the pipeline’s operation to continue. After years of constant bickering between Saudi Arabia and Syria and Lebanon over transit fees, the emergence of oil supertankers, and pipeline breakdowns, the section of the line beyond Jordan ceased operation in 1976. The remainder of the line between Saudi Arabia and Jordan continued to transport modest amounts of petroleum until 1990 when the Saudis cut off the pipeline in response to Jordan’s support of Iraq during the first Gulf War. Today, the entire line is unfit for oil transport.[2]
Technical features

The Trans-Arabian Pipeline was 1,214 kilometres (754 mi) long with diameter of 30 inches (760 mm). When constructed, it was the world’s largest oil pipeline system. The initial capacity of the pipeline was 300,000 barrels per day (48,000 m3/d) (bpd), eventually rising to a maximum capacity of about 500,000 bbl/d (79,000 m3/d) with the addition of several more pumping stations. While the pipeline was considered groundbreaking and innovative at the time it was built, were it still operational to this day it would be considered somewhat outdated — nowadays, most modern long-distance pipelines constructed beginning in the second half of the twentieth century have been built to a diameter of 42″ or 48″ and thus able to transport considerably more crude oil per day than Tapline did in its heyday. The pipeline was supplied from the oil fields near Abqaiq.

The Tapline corridor has remained a potential export route for Persian Gulf oil exports to Europe and the United States. At least one analysis has indicated that the transportation cost of exporting oil via the Tapline through Haifa to Europe would cost as much as 40 percent less than shipping by tanker through the Suez Canal. In early 2005, rehabilitation of the Tapline at an estimated cost of US$100 to US$300 million was one of the strategic options being considered by the Jordanian government to meet oil needs.
Pipeline company

The pipeline was built and operated by the Trans-Arabian Pipeline Company. It was founded as a joint venture between the Standard Oil of New Jersey (now ExxonMobil), Standard Oil of California (Chevron), The Texas Company (better known as Texaco, now a part of Chevron), and Socony-Vacuum Oil Company (ExxonMobil), however, it eventually became a fully owned subsidiary of Aramco. The company continued operating with no oil being transported until the end of 2002, when Aramco fully closed the Tapline subsidiary.

Trans-Arabian Pipeline

FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES 1947
VOLUME V, THE NEAR EAST AND AFRICA [DOCUMENT 457]

Τὸ πραξικόπημα, τοῦ 1949, στὴν Συρία ποὺ χρηματοδότησε ἡ …CIA!!!

March 1949 Syrian coup d’état
The coup was carried out with the discreet backing of the American government and especially the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), possibly assisted by the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, although al-Za’im himself is not known to have been a member. According to Joseph Massad, a professor of Modern Arab Politics and Intellectual History at Columbia University, the coup was sponsored by the CIA,[1] a conclusion in agreement with other historians such as Prof. Douglas Little, and declassified records.[2] The coup is also described by author Irene Gendzier, who states that “CIA agents Miles Copeland and Stephen Meade . . . were directly involved in the coup.”[3] An overarching US policy objective in Syria at the time was allowing the construction of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline, which the democratically elected government of Syria had blocked. The “Tapline” project was immediately ratified following the coup.[2]

Among the officers that assisted al-Za’im’s takeover was Adib al-Shishakli and Sami al-Hinnawi, both of whom would later also become military leaders of the country.[4]

March 1949 Syrian coup d’état

  Intervention and Exploitation: US and UK Government International Actions Since 1945

BETWEEN PERMEABLE AND SEALED BORDERS: THE TRANS-ARABIAN PIPELINE AND THE ARAB–ISRAELI CONFLICT

International Journal of Middle East Studies

 

Ὡραῖο βιβλίο γιὰ τὴ ἠλεκτρονική σας βιβλιοθήκη εἶναι κι αὐτό:

Maps in time from 1900 to 2000

The long war Syria is at the crux of pipeline geopolitics

ἔρευνα: τὸ Χρήσιμον

 

 

Ἀποποίηση εὐθύνης

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